The technology sector is witnessing a growing interest in understanding the impact of energy scavenging on internet connectivity. Energy scavenging, also referred to as energy harvesting, involves capturing minute amounts of energy typically dissipated as heat, light, sound, vibration or motion. This accumulated energy is then stored and utilized to power electronic devices, including those that facilitate internet connectivity.
The Pervasiveness of Digital Technology
In a world where digital technology is omnipresent, the need for continuous and dependable internet connectivity is substantial. Still, the escalating energy consumption of the devices facilitating this connectivity has become a pressing issue. This is where energy scavenging becomes crucial. By capturing and utilizing otherwise wasted energy, we can power these devices in a more sustainable, eco-friendly and efficient manner. There are several approaches to achieving this:
- Piezoelectric Harvesting
In this method, sources of energy are materials that experience pressure from various sources, such as human motion, low-frequency vibrations or acoustic noise. Utilizing piezoelectric harvesting, innovative products like battery-less remote controls and piezoelectric floor tiles can be created.
- Thermoelectric Harvesting
This method involves gathering electricity from materials that generate a voltage due to the temperature difference between them. By selecting two dissimilar objects, an electric voltage can be created through temperature opposition. This energy is then harnessed through thermoelectric harvesting. To maintain a steady voltage output, the two materials must be kept at a relatively constant temperature. This approach opens the door to the development of further innovative technologies like temperature-powered phone chargers and thermoelectric generators for cars and trucks.
- Pyroelectric Harvesting
Pyroelectric harvesting involves collecting electricity from materials that generate current due to temperature fluctuations over time. Presently, this method is relatively limited in its application. The voltage source is derived from temperature changes, which are primarily utilized in sensors at present. It is important to note that this method is not yet fully suitable for commercial systems. One example of its application is the Pyroelectric sensor, commonly used in passive infrared (PIR) sensors that detect heat signals from approaching motion, such as in outdoor lighting. The pyroelectric element within the sensor generates a small voltage from the heat signal emitted by the approaching person, which proves sufficient to power the light.
The Benefits of Energy Scavenging
Energy scavenging's substantial impact on internet connectivity lies in its potential to significantly prolong the lifespan of battery-powered devices. Devices like smartphones, tablets and laptops — those commonly used for internet access — can reap the benefits of energy-scavenging technologies. By harnessing and utilizing ambient energy, these devices can operate for extended periods without requiring frequent recharging. This not only enhances user convenience but also diminishes the environmental impact associated with frequent charging.
Additionally, energy scavenging plays a vital role in energizing Internet of Things (IoT) devices. These devices encompass a wide range, from smart home appliances to industrial sensors, and demand continuous power to sustain their connectivity. Conventional power sources may prove impractical or inefficient for such devices, especially those situated in remote or challenging-to-access locations. Energy scavenging presents a sustainable solution, enabling these devices to harness and utilize energy from their surroundings.
Besides extending device longevity and energizing IoT devices, energy scavenging can play a role in bolstering the resilience of networks. In scenarios where the power supply is unstable or inaccessible, such as in rural regions or during natural disasters, energy scavenging can aid in sustaining internet connectivity. By powering network devices like routers and base stations with scavenged energy, they can continue to operate effectively even under challenging conditions.
The Challenges of Energy Scavenging
It is imperative to acknowledge that while energy scavenging shows immense potential, it also comes with notable challenges. The energy harvested from the environment is often modest, and the efficiency of energy-scavenging technologies may fluctuate. Additionally, effectively storing and managing the scavenged energy can be intricate. However, continuous research and development endeavors are dedicated to improving the efficiency and feasibility of energy scavenging.
Energy scavenging possesses the capacity to make a substantial impact on internet connectivity. By offering a sustainable power source for devices and networks, it can prolong the lifespan of devices, facilitate the functioning of IoT devices and enhance network resilience.
While these challenges may persist, it’s important to note that ongoing research, development and overall ambition in energy-scavenging technologies promise a more sustainable and efficient future for internet connectivity.
By Sahar El Zarzour, Senior Editor, Telecom Review
